ASNT Industrial Radiography Radiation Safety Practice Test

What effect is generated from the interaction of high-speed electrons with a target?

1. Gamma rays

2. Neutron radiation

3. X-rays and heat

4. Infrared radiation

The correct answer is: X-rays and heat

The interaction of high-speed electrons with a target primarily results in the production of X-rays and heat. When high-energy electrons strike a dense material, such as tungsten (commonly used as a target in X-ray tubes), a significant amount of energy is transferred to the target atoms. This interaction can lead to two key phenomena: the generation of X-rays and the production of thermal energy. X-rays are produced when high-speed electrons are suddenly decelerated upon hitting the target material, a process known as bremsstrahlung radiation, where the electrons lose kinetic energy and emit it in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation is what is utilized in industrial radiography for non-destructive testing. In addition to X-rays, the kinetic energy of the electrons can also generate heat due to the collisions with the target atoms, which raises the temperature of the target material. This heat must be managed to prevent damage to the equipment, ensuring the process remains efficient and safe for continued operation. Thus, the correct understanding of this interaction encompasses both the production of X-rays, which are essential for radiographic imaging, and heat, which is a byproduct of this interaction.