ASNT Industrial Radiography Radiation Safety Practice Test

Which of the following is a significant health effect of radiation exposure?

1. Memory loss

2. Cancer

3. Respiratory issues

4. Allergic reactions

The correct answer is: Cancer

Radiation exposure is well-documented in its association with the development of cancer. When ionizing radiation interacts with living cells, it can cause damage to DNA and other cellular structures, leading to mutations. These mutations can remain dormant for years before they manifest as cancer, making it a significant long-term health risk associated with exposure to radiation. Various types of cancers, including leukemia and solid tumors, have been linked to different levels and types of radiation exposure. In contrast, while memory loss, respiratory issues, and allergic reactions can stem from various environmental factors or health conditions, they are not directly linked to radiation exposure in the same way that cancer is. Memory loss can be related to neurological conditions or aging, respiratory issues are more often associated with pollutants or allergens, and allergic reactions typically arise from immune responses to substances rather than radiation. Thus, among the choices presented, cancer is recognized as a significant health effect specifically tied to radiation exposure.